In early times, ordinary citizens were still precluded from incorporating companies for general business activities. Instead, they created their own unofficial companies through contracts called “deeds of settlement”. When Parliament decided to permit incorporation on a general scale, a considerable number of these contractual associations had to be accommodated. The resulting legislation gave these companies legal status and the advantages of incorporation by allowing them to simply register at an appropriate governmental office and pay a fee.

Canada adopted many British approaches to incorporation. Both federal and provincial governments have created many corporations through their power to pass special statutes. For example, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and the Canadian Pacific Railroad were made by special acts of the Parliament. Some Canadian jurisdictions adopted the British practise of incorporation through registration, while others used royal charter approach and created incorporated bodies through granting of letters patent. A third approach, based on filing of articles of incorporation, was borrowed from the U.S.

Preliminary analysis of the best-positioned stocks that may be the most powerful in 2008 shows that three companies, namely, Best Buy (NYSE: BBY), Ctrip.com (Nasdaq: CTRP), and Apple (Nasdaq: AAPL), look especially promising.

• Best Buy Co. Inc. (NYSE: BBY) is the largest national corporative retailer dealing with consumer electronics. Its current profits show a tendency to rise 8.7 percent, which is well ahead of the most daring expectations of the leading stock analysts. In the second quarter of this year, Best Buy’s profits rose $250 million (in comparison with $230 million increase observed in the second quarter of 2006), or 55 cents per share (in comparison with last year’s 47 cents per share). Circuit City (NYSE: CC), the closest rival of Best Buy, is doing worse in comparison, as it has recently lost its three senior executives and experienced other corporate troubles.
• Ctrip.com International, Ltd. (Nasdaq: CTRP) is one of the biggest China-based companies dealing with air tickets, travel packages, and hotel accommodations. According to International Herald Tribune, Ctrip.com had a 70 percent rise in profits in the third quarter of 2007, with its net income having climbed to $15 million. The company is expected to get the most immediate benefit from the Olympic Games that are coming to Beijing next year.
• Apple (Nasdaq: AAPL) is a leading international corporation that designs, assembles, and sells computers, digital music devices, and mobile phones, as well as provides related services, software, and networking solutions. Every quarter for already five years, the company’s profits have been well exceeding Wall Street expectations. Apple, together with its main competitors Hewlett-Packard (NYSE: HPQ) and Dell (Nasdaq: DELL) , literally owns the international music and computer markets and sells advanced iPod models, such as the hit of this summer - famous Apple’s iPhone.

C. Dickinson Hill, a business attorney from Los Angeles, says that a written consent is the most appropriate form to accomplish a required meeting for a one-person corporation. Gerald Bloch, an attorney from California, notes that corporations, including the single shareholder corporation, should technically have three types of officials: the shareholders (elect the board of directors), the board (appoints officers and managers), and three corporate officers (chief executive, treasurer, and secretary). For a sole owner of her corporation, running the business is just a matter of arranging the appropriate documentation: a stock of certificates and minutes showing that, as a shareholder, she has elected herself as the director, and, as a director, she has appointed herself to the positions of president, treasurer, and secretary.

When preparing to incorporate your business from a LLC (limited liability company), make sure to get an expert advice for your unique case.

Cargill Corporation is one of the biggest U.S. processor and seller of fresh meats, such as beef, pork, and turkey, as well as marinated, cooked, and otherwise processed meat products. It represents over a dozen well-known brands, among which are Excel, Angus Pride, and Sterling Silver, which are distributed in numerous retail outlets and foodservice channels. About a month ago, on October, 6, the corporation already had to recall almost 850,000 pounds of frozen ground beef patties due to their contamination with the same strain of e.coli - O157:H7.

Statistics show that about 76 million Americans annually get some sort of illness from substandard foods sold in our supermarkets, with more than 5,000 people dying every year from food poisoning. Unfortunately, U.S. major food corporations are more focused on profit than on safety of their customers.

The current world-wide fleet of Q400s includes 165 aircrafts serving such notable carriers as Horizon Air Industries Inc. in Seattle, Japan Air Commuter, Innsbruck-based Austrian Arrows, Flybe in Great Britain, and others. Until recently, the aircrafts, some of which are assembled at the Bombardier’s Downsview plant in Toronto, had been serving well. Interestingly enough, the landing gear for Q400s is not manufactured in Canada, but supplied by the US Goodrich Corporation located in North Carolina.

Bombardier, in conjunction with Transport Canada, has assessed the situations and insisted that the systemic landing gear of the turboprops has no defects and that the Q400 remains a reliable and safe plane. However, SAS officials from Stockholm allege that they have experienced “repeated quality-related problems” with the Q400.

Bombardier Corporation was pressed to pay about $77-million to compensate for two crash landings of its aircrafts that occurred in Europe earlier (in Denmark and Lithuania). Now, after the third crash landing, SAS says that the cost of Bombardier turboprops grounding will reach US$63M. In addition, as customers do not want any more to fly on the questionably safe Q400s and as air carriers do not wish to have this plane in their fleet any longer, the entire reputation of Canadian Bombardier Corporation can be put in question.

In a partnership, partners are responsible for each other’s actions and equally participate in a complex process of the partnerships management - meaning that any serious business decision requires the involvement and consent of all partners. In a corporation, shareholders do not have similar responsibilities and the shares can be transferred at will without reference to other shareholders. This free transferability is a very attractive feature of corporations, however, some non-distributing corporations now put restrictions on share transfers as a measure of control, which may be written in the provisions or shareholders’ agreements.

Although the death of a shareholder does not lead to the death of a corporation, the latter still can be dissolved due to a number of causes. When a corporation goes through the process of bankruptcy and cannot repay its debts, it will be terminated by operation of law. Similarly, the court decision can dissolve a corporation where it deems it proper to do so. The shareholders themselves can vote to bring the corporation to an end when they feel it is appropriate. But the more common way is for the corporation simply to fail to file the required annual reports - in such a case, it will eventually be considered inactive and removed from the registry. It still can be restored if the missing reports are filled and submitted post-factum.

- Name of your business: should contain one of the following words (or their abbreviations): “Incorporated“, “Corporation,” “Limited” , or “Company”, and should clearly indicate, or hint on, the purpose outlined in the articles of incorporation. It may not be either the same, or closely resembling, the name of any other foreign or domestic corporation, nor can in contain the word “Lottery”. Interestingly enough, Texas is famous as one of the toughest U.S. states in relation to corporate names.

- Directors and officers: Directors should be physical entities 18 years of age or older, and their names must be listed in the provisions. Names of the offices are not required to be mentioned in the articles of incorporation. However, officers have to be officially elected by the board of corporate directors. Generally, each officer may hold a number of offices.

- Minimum number of members and their residence status: Corporations in Texas may have one of more persons involved, with no particular residence requirements.

- Stocks: Transfer records in relation to stocks should be kept in the official corporate headquarters. Initial filing fees are not affected by any increase in shares.

- Taxes: Annual statements, that ought to be submitted every year before May 16th, should contain filled-in forms for so-called “franchise tax” return, which is calculated at 25% of the corporate taxable capital plus 4.5% of the taxable earned surplus. The state of Texas is free from both corporate income tax and personal income tax.

- Corporation with S status: not recognized in Texas.

- License: Certain types of businesses in Taxes require that you should obtain the license before incorporating.

- Initial Capital: $1,000 is the minimum requirement value for the issuance of corporate shares in Texas.

Thompson Corp., which operates from both Canada and USA, has its main office in Toronto and a headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut, and renders services to 37 countries. It supplies professionals with software tools and a whole range of information in the domains of scientific research and healthcare, as well as accounting, tax, law, and financial services. Currently, Thomson Corp. employs more than 32,000 workers.

By acquiring Prous Sciences, Thompson Corp. will be able to add this well-established and internationally-accepted brand to its own creativity, financial stability, and informational and technological base, in order to accelerate innovations and facilitate development in the sphere of pharmaceutics. It is expected that the strength of the two companies will be united to add value to drug research and healthcare, and to further benefit the global scientific community.

Spherion Corporation is the biggest recruiting company providing modern staffing solutions to meet the demands of both job candidates and companies seeking employees. Its positions include temporary and full-time types of employment and range from industrial and administrative jobs to professional opportunities in human resources, marketing, information technologies, accounting, and other high demand areas. Spherion Corporation is the largest employer in the United States and Canada. It works from 650 locations in North America and annually helps about 300,000 workers to find a satisfying job. To learn more about Spherion Corporation, visit Spherion website. To get updated information on career opportunities, employment trends, and job-searching methods, check Spherion Career Blog.

Memry Corporation is one of the biggest National companies that provide design, development, engineering, and manufacturing segments to the medical device and other industries that use nitinol and polymer components. The corporation was founded in 1983 in Stamford, Connecticut, with the aim to develop commercial applications for the emerging shape memory alloy business. From less than twenty employees in 1995, Memry Corporation today has expanded to more than two hundred and twenty employees working in their two basic locations – Bethel, Connecticut and Menlo Park, California. Currently, Memry’s products include stent and catheter components, guidewires, laparoscopic surgical devices, orthopedic instruments, and other high-tech medical equipment, devices, and instruments. It is also providing state-of-the-art design and other services of shape memory technology to the domains other than the medical industry, such as defence, telecommunications, and automobile markets.

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